To address insufficient regional cultural expression and experience-dependent material selection in rural homestays in Northern China, this study evaluates the application and design translation of modified agroforestry biomass-based materials. An integrated decision-making framework combining analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-criteria evaluation was developed to link material attributes, user demands, and interior applications. The study focuses on furniture, spatial interfaces, and integrated interior environments, excluding building structural renovation and envelope thermal performance. An integrated AHP-based decision-making framework was developed across four dimensions: agroforestry biomass substrate, functional performance, local aesthetics, and comprehensive adaptability. The results support a shift from experience-driven selection to data-informed decision-making as a means to identify tourists’ sensory comfort and local raw material accessibility as key considerations for design application.

Ground avocado seeds (Persea americana) were evaluated as an adsorbent material for lead (II) ions present in contaminated water. An experimental study was conducted using a 4² factorial design to determine how particle diameters (425 and 125 μm) and the initial metal concentrations (48.8, 195.8, 346.3, and 494.5 mg/L) affect the retention capacities of the biosorbent. Through FTIR spectroscopy, several chemical groups (–OH, –C=O, –NH₂, and –COOH) were identified in the biomass. The adsorption capacity was 74.4 mg/g at an initial concentration of 494.5 mg/L, a pH of 4.5, and a particle size diameter of 125 μm, whereas the results obtained with a diameter of 425 μm were lower. The data fitted to the Langmuir model with an R² value of 0.9904. This is consistent with an equilibrium description based on homogeneous sites, with a maximum capacity of 73.0 mg/g. Regarding the process rate, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model produced an R² value of 0.9474, providing the best fit. It was concluded that avocado seeds constitute a low-cost biosorbent with suitable performance for the removal of lead (II) from contaminated water, representing a sustainable technique for the treatment of heavy-metal containing effluents.

Soil nutrient content is crucial for plant development. While macronutrients are essential, micronutrients are needed in lower concentrations. Non-essential elements exist, but their uptake and accumulation in plant organs remain poorly studied. Therefore, this study analyzed the concentrations of sulfur (S, a macronutrient), molybdenum (Mo, a micronutrient), and lithium (Li, a non-essential element) in the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of tomato, cucumber, pepper, maize, and eggplant. Additionally, soil element concentrations were determined, and bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values were calculated. The key findings were as follows: the highest S concentration was detected in tomato leaves (8620 ppm), while the highest Mo and Li concentrations were found in maize roots (18440 ppb and 17300 ppb, respectively). The highest TF values were recorded in tomato leaves for all three elements: S (8.39), Mo (1.20), and Li (0.75). The results demonstrate that S is intensively taken up from the soil and accumulates significantly in crop organs. In contrast, while Mo and Li are present in high concentrations in the soil, their accumulation in crop organs remains much more limited. Overall, these results were consistent with a hypothesis that crops take up soil elements primarily in the amounts they need as building blocks.

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) generates polylactic acid (PLA) waste that, in most cases, is sent to landfill. This study established a preliminary closed-loop recycling system and evaluated the tensile performance of filament produced from the recovered material. Waste PLA was ground in three passes using a benchtop shredder, blended with virgin PLA pellets at 20, 40, 60, and 80 wt.% recycled content, and extruded into 1.75 mm filament at 180 to 185 °C. Two specimens, based on Type I geometry described by ASTM D638, were printed and tested in tension alongside specimens made from commercial virgin filament and laboratory-extruded virgin filament. The extrusion step had an estimated material yield of approximately 91%. All recycled-content blends reached mean tensile strengths around 23.2 to  27.7 MPa compared to 23.5 MPa for commercial virgin PLA, with the 40 wt.% blend as the most promising, whereas laboratory-extruded virgin PLA had the lowest mean strength (18.1 MPa) and apparent tensile modulus (1.35 GPa). Recycled blends were also stiffer on average than either virgin control. Based on the evaluation, which involved two specimens per formulation, the proposed work establishes a first step for practical production of recycled–virgin PLA filaments from makerspace waste and identifies limitations relevant to reliable small-scale recycling.

The Chinese pipa, a lute with a large number of frets, is known for its rich timbral and expressive capabilities. The sound signals were recorded in real time using a PC-based USB oscilloscope and associated data recorder. The digital storage oscilloscope program enabled voltage-based triggering and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. While the heard notes according to the 12-Tone Equal Temperament (TET) tuning are A3, E3, D3, and A2, the digital oscilloscope recorded the harmonic frequency for open strings 1, 2, 3, and 4 as 880 Hz (A5=880.00), 656 Hz (E5=659.26), 586 Hz (D5=587.33), and 439 Hz (A4=440.00). Because of the occurrence where the listener claimed to recognize the note A2 while they heard A4, the measured frequencies do not match perceived notes. This is a well-known missing fundamental phenomenon. The pipa produces a complex overtone structure that is aligned with integer multiples of an implied fundamental over all strings and fret positions, according to the harmonic analysis. A3, A♯3/B♭3, B3, C4, C♯4, D4, D♯4, E4, F4, F♯4, G4, G♯4, A4, A♯4/B♭4, B4, C5, C♯5, D5, D♯5, E5, F5, F♯5, G5, G♯5, A5, A♯5/B♭5, B5, C6, C♯6, D6, E6 are the running notes for open string 1 and fret 1 through 30, which in semitone intervals consistent with modern equal temperament. Based on pure intervals, the pipa’s 30 frets are widely separated and sonically pure.

Existing Tang Sancai cultural‑creative products usually directly replicate artifact patterns without quantitative screening and scientific evaluation of cultural elements. Although wood‑cellulose and solid‑wood substrates serve as mainstream low‑carbon sustainable carriers, a standardized design system adapting Tang Sancai visual elements to wood‑based materials remains absent. This study constructs a practical framework for translating Tang Sancai cultural factors and compares the substrate adaptability between ceramics and wood‑based materials. Tang Sancai relic samples from multiple regions were collected, and cultural factors covering color, pattern, and form were extracted. An AHP‑TOPSIS integrated model based on 12 cultural‑factor indicators was adopted to calculate factor weights and evaluate multiple design schemes, including wood‑pulp beverage packaging, a mouse‑pad visual‑reference scheme, a solid‑wood ornament and a ceramic reproduction. Material‑science requirements including biodegradability, printing fidelity, cost and lightweighting were considered in the preliminary design of schemes. Composite Mixed Patterns, kiln‑change glazes and blue glaze were identified as core design factors. The wood‑pulp beverage packaging achieved optimal comprehensive performance. Wood‑based panels showed potential advantages in pattern reproduction. This work provides a quantitative paradigm for traditional‑ceramic‑derived ICH product development and fills the research gap in translating ceramic cultural symbols for wood‑based low‑carbon cultural‑creative applications.

A Multi‑Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach is proposed to replace expert inputs with publicly available user-based evaluation data from Capterra and G2. Five computer-aided design (CAD) alternatives used in the woodworking industry (SketchUp, Autodesk Fusion, SOLIDWORKS, Rhinoceros, and Autodesk Inventor) were identified through a review of 14 online industry sources and evaluated using five criteria: customer satisfaction, ease of use, features, customer service, and cost. Criteria weights were calculated using the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method, and alternatives were ranked using the Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method. SketchUp ranked first with an Appraisal Score (AS) of 0.9877, followed by Rhinoceros (0.8490), Autodesk Fusion (0.6472), Autodesk Inventor (0.4212), and SOLIDWORKS (0.0528). The robustness of the results was supported by sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). Thus, user review data can be used as structured input for MCDM and applies CRITIC-EDAS framework to CAD software popular in the woodworking industry, using publicly available user-review data. The proposed framework offers a transparent and reproducible alternative to expert-based CAD selection approaches.