Abstract
Lignocellulosic carbohydrates, i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose, have abundant potential as feedstock for production of biofuels and chemicals. However, these carbohydrates are generally infiltrated by lignin. Breakdown of the lignin barrier will alter lignocelluloses structures and make the carbohydrates accessible for more efficient bioconversion. White-rot fungi produce ligninolytic enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase) and efficiently mineralise lignin into CO2 and H2O. Biological pretreatment of lignocelluloses using white-rot fungi has been used for decades for ruminant feed, enzymatic hydrolysis, and biopulping. Application of white-rot fungi capabilities can offer environmentally friendly processes for utilising lignocelluloses over physical or chemical pretreatment. This paper reviews white-rot fungi, ligninolytic enzymes, the effect of biological pretreatment on biomass characteristics, and factors affecting biological pretreatment. Application of biological pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis, biofuels (bioethanol, biogas and pyrolysis), biopulping, biobleaching, animal feed, and enzymes production are also discussed.
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Biological Pretreatment of Lignocelluloses with White-rot Fungi and Its Applications: A Review
Isroi,a,b Ria Millati,c,* Siti Syamsiah,d Claes Niklasson,b Muhammad Nur Cahyanto,c Knut Lundquist,e and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh f
Lignocellulosic carbohydrates, i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose, have abundant potential as feedstock for production of biofuels and chemicals. However, these carbohydrates are generally infiltrated by lignin. Breakdown of the lignin barrier will alter lignocelluloses structures and make the carbohydrates accessible for more efficient bioconversion. White-rot fungi produce ligninolytic enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase) and efficiently mineralise lignin into CO2 and H2O. Biological pretreatment of lignocelluloses using white-rot fungi has been used for decades for ruminant feed, enzymatic hydrolysis, and biopulping. Application of white-rot fungi capabilities can offer environmentally friendly processes for utilising lignocelluloses over physical or chemical pretreatment. This paper reviews white-rot fungi, ligninolytic enzymes, the effect of biological pretreatment on biomass characteristics, and factors affecting biological pretreatment. Application of biological pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis, biofuels (bioethanol, biogas and pyrolysis), biopulping, biobleaching, animal feed, and enzymes production are also discussed.
DOI: 10.15376/biores.6.4.5224-5259
Keywords: Biological pretreatment; White-rot fungi; Lignocellulose; Solid-state fermentation; Lignin peroxidase; Manganese peroxidase; Laccase; Bioethanol; Biopulping; Biobleaching; Ruminant feed
Contact information: a: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia; b: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; c: Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia; d: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia; e: Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; f: School of Engineering, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden;
*Corresponding author: ria_millati@ugm.ac.id