Abstract
The utilization of plant extraction products from Oeneanthe pimpinelloides (Apiaceae family) seeds were investigated in terms of their use as an insecticide control of packaging materials. The aim was to investigate their insecticidal effects against the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. The Oeneanthe pimpinelloides seeds were extracted with methanol. By using the liquid-liquid extraction method, the hexane extract (II) was separated from the methanol extract (I) and hexane and methanol were evaporated. Then, the chemical composition of each sample was determined via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The methanol extract predominantly contained tetrahydrofuran, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy, 2-butoxyethanol, 1-phenylethanone, cyclohexene carboxylate derivative, (3-phenyl-2-propynylidene) cyclopropane, diphenyldiazene, and dihydroxypropyl ester components, while the hexane fraction contained nonane, 1-octanol, decane, undecane, tridecane, alkyl benzene, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoxazine, and hexadecanoic acid components, as well as some derivatives of them. Each fraction was dissolved in DMSO for impregnation on filter paper. The insecticide effects of the paper samples were determined against Tribolium castneum. According to the results, the mortality started after 3 d for each fraction. After 4 d, the hexane fraction indicated total mortality in comparison with the methanol fraction, which showed partial mortality (3/5).
Download PDF
Full Article
Phytochemical Analysis and Insecticidal Activities of Seed Extracts from Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. Treated Paper Samples vs. Tribolium castaneum
Ahsen Ezel Bildik Dal,a,* Ayşe Daut Ozdemir,b Mehmet Onurhan Gucus,c Amel Herouini,d and Abdellah Kemassi e
The utilization of plant extraction products from Oeneanthe pimpinelloides (Apiaceae family) seeds were investigated in terms of their use as an insecticide control of packaging materials. The aim was to investigate their insecticidal effects against the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. The Oeneanthe pimpinelloides seeds were extracted with methanol. By using the liquid-liquid extraction method, the hexane extract (II) was separated from the methanol extract (I) and hexane and methanol were evaporated. Then, the chemical composition of each sample was determined via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The methanol extract predominantly contained tetrahydrofuran, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy, 2-butoxyethanol, 1-phenylethanone, cyclohexene carboxylate derivative, (3-phenyl-2-propynylidene) cyclopropane, diphenyldiazene, and dihydroxypropyl ester components, while the hexane fraction contained nonane, 1-octanol, decane, undecane, tridecane, alkyl benzene, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoxazine, and hexadecanoic acid components, as well as some derivatives of them. Each fraction was dissolved in DMSO for impregnation on filter paper. The insecticide effects of the paper samples were determined against Tribolium castneum. According to the results, the mortality started after 3 d for each fraction. After 4 d, the hexane fraction indicated total mortality in comparison with the methanol fraction, which showed partial mortality (3/5).
DOI: 10.15376/biores.18.2.3509-3521
Keywords: Oenanthe pimpinelloides; Tribolium castaneum; Paper treatment; Seed extracts
Contact information: a: Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Bahcekoy/Istanbul 34096 Turkey; b: Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469 Turkey; c: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200 Turkey; d: Associated Laboratory of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, University of Ghardaia, B.P. 455, Ghardaia 47000 Algeria; e: Laboratory of Protection the Ecosystems in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, University of Kasdi-Merbah Ouergla, BP511, Ouargla 30000 Algeria;
* Corresponding author: ahsenezel.bildik@iuc.edu.tr
INTRODUCTION
Pest infestation of stored products can contaminate the products and cause serious postharvest losses in agricultural products and packaged food products. Tribolium castaneum, which is one of the widespread pests of stored commodities, especially in the tropics and subtropics, causes considerable financial losses (Howe 1956; Sokolof 1972; Sokolof 1974; Sokolof 1977; Matthews 1993). T. castaneum adults have a flat curved sided body with red-brown color. The upper part including thorax are covered with punctures, elytra with ridged through their length, and wings supported by extracellular cuticle (Pietyra and Wegierek 2017). Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum are similar pests (Cebeci et al. 2018), from which the morphology, histology, and chemistry of the wings can be distinguished (Zohry and El-Sayed 2019) and morphological structure of T.C. determined by scanning electron microscopy (Zohry 2017). Tribolium castaneum is considered a strict secondary pest and causes millet damage throughout the Sahelian zone (Gahukar 1976; Roorda et al. 1982). In addition, grain residues can be used as an insulating material or furniture equipment for indoor and outdoor equipment (Mo et al. 2016).
For the control of these insects, synthetic pesticides and fumigants are predominantly used. However, the widespread application of synthetic insecticides has caused serious issues, e.g., toxic residues in nutrition and toxicity to consumers. In addition, synthetic chemicals are restricted because of environmental pollution and the insect strains resistance (Zettler and Cuperus 1990; White 1995; Riebeiro et al. 2003; Marrone 2019). Therefore, there is an important demand for biodegradable, cost-effective, natural materials from plant resources that are suitable as alternative chemical insecticides (Ebadollahi 2013; Marrone 2019; Samada and Tambunan 2020).
Essential oils from various annual plants may have insects (Isman 2000; Regnault-Roger 1997) or mosquito control properties (Sukumar et al. 1991; Chantraine et al. 1998; Trabousli et al. 2002; Trabousli et al. 2005; Amer and Mehlhorn 2006). Essential oils from the Apiaceae family have pest control properties (Regnault-Roger and Hamraoui 1994; Tunc et al. 2000; Kim et al. 2003; Lee 2004; Miyazawa et al. 2004; Tsukamoto et al. 2005).
In addition to essential oils, various plant extracts also have a potential pesticide effect against T. castaneum (Jbilou et al. 2006). Compared with the plant extracts, the low yields of essential oils limit their utilization rate in large-scale applications.
The chemical composition of many species of the Apiaceae family, which is an inexpensive source of natural pest control agents, has been investigated in various studies (Pieroni et al. 2006; Baldini et al. 2009; Evergetis et al. 2009; Labed et al. 2011). Oeneanthe pimpinelloides (O.P.), a species from the Apiaceae family, is among the invasive species that are growing in its natural habitat in Turkey. The body morphology of O. pimpinelloides is circular, in which parenchymatic cortex cells are arranged in 2 to 4 series, sclerenchyma tissue cells in 10 to 12 incrassans, and 1 to 3 central bundles below peripheral bundles (Guner 2016).
Based on the literature survey, it is seen that the essential oils have been isolated from the freshly collected plant materials, including Oenanthe pimpinelloides from stems, leaves, and flowers in different habitats throughout Greece, and their larvicidal activity against the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens have been investigated by Evergetis et al. (2009).
O. pimpinelloides essential oils are known to have insecticidal activities against various common insects, e.g., Culex pipiens L., and constitute a potential class of natural compounds (Evergetis et al. 2009; Labed et al. 2011). However, the literature survey indicates that there are limited studies about the seed parts of Oenanthe plants. Depending on this literature survey related with Oenanthe plants extracts, it can be concluded that the investigations mainly have dealt with the ethanoic and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of the plant as: The clean Oenanthe species was cut into small pieces and then dried. The dried samples were crushed and were subsequently extracted with distilled water or alcohol (He et al. 2020). In addition, research has been done on the extract’s antioxidant (Bae et al. 2022; Sulaiman et al. 2022), antimicrobial (Abdusalam et al. 2022), anti-inflammatory (Lee et al. 2006; Park et al. 2019) etc. properties. Additionally literature work shows that there are investigations related with the determination of the nutrient content of Oenanthe pimpinelloides (Demir et al. 2020), their traditional use in the human nutrition (Kayabasi et al. 2018), and the essential oil composition of O. pimpinelloides retrieved from Greek herbal biodiversity (Evergetis and Haroutounian 2014). As there have been limited studies about the larvicidal activity of Oenanthe pimpinelloides L., the present manuscript focuses on the seed parts, the larvicidal activity of which has not been investigated yet. Therefore, extracts from O. pimpinelloides seed parts were selected for the current study.
Oeneanthe pimpinelloides seed extracts were impregnated in filter paper, and the toxic effects of these papers are investigated in the current study. Filter paper was used, since papers are formed from a suitable material for carrying the active ingredients without losing the sample properties. Also, it is appropriate to absorb the extract in the filter paper material. In addition, thanks to some advantages of filter paper, e.g., being inexpensive, deployable, and absorbent, it became an increasingly important parallel with the development of technologic devices (Shen et al. 2000; Guan et al. 2014; Ozer et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2020). In this respect, the immersing method is one of the useful methods for imparting the desired properties to the paper surface, e.g., water-resistant features (Shen et al. 2000; Li et al. 2008; Seo et al. 2008; Li et al. 2009). Thus, paper materials can be developed for paper packaging for storing grains. In addition, the can serve as an alternative to protecting the product from stored-product insects that develop in wrapping paper in a viable, cost effective way that does not harm the environment.
EXPERIMENTAL
Plant Collection
The O. pimpinelloides samples were collected from the Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Forestry campus garden in their natural habitat. The samples were diagnosed by Prof. Dr. Unal Akkemik (Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Botany). The seeds were separated from the body of the plant. The seed was separated from its umbrella part and washed, dried, and ground with a grinder.
Extractions of 20 g dried seed were carried out by reflux with methanol for 4 h (VELP Scientifica, SER 148 model). Extracts were prepared with 150 mL of solvent. Then, the hexane part was separated via liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane. The solvents were eliminated using a rotary evaporator.
Chemical Composition Identification
Gas-phase chromatography was used to show the relative composition and concentration of various compounds that were present in the extracts of the seeds. The photochemical analysis of the seed extracts was analyzed by the TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center (Gebze, Istanbul) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Xcalibur, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA), equipped with head space (the processing method was 59H4407/Aroma). The relative amounts of the substances were calculated based on the peak-area ratios, and the peak areas of the substances were calculated with the provided Xcalibur software. The ethanolic and hexane extract-treated paper samples were analyzed via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) with an ATR attachment (Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Forest Product Chemistry and Technology Lab.) and compared to base paper samples. The resolution value was 16 cm-1 and for each sample, 32 scans per spectrum were recorded.
The ethanol and hexane extracts were diluted with DMSO at a 1 to 5 ratio (w/w) and mixed in an ultrasound bath for 30 min. It was transferred into 1 mL portions in 5 separate Petri dishes. The extracted samples were transferred to a glass petri dish and filter paper was dipped into the extracts diluted with DMSO. The base paper samples were directly impregnated with DMSO. Whatman Filter Paper No. 2 was selected because of its pure structure. The paper samples were kept under the hood until completely dry.
Insecticidal Experiment
The breeding of the Tribolium castaneum was maintained in the natural laboratory conditions of the University of Ghardaia-Algeria. Insect-fed semolina samples were taken from a warehouse belonging to the Ghardaia storage cooperatives during a period of three months and were brought back in jars for propagation until new adults of the next generation were used for the experiments. The T. castaneum individuals were maintained under laboratory conditions. It should be noted that breeding of these insects was carried out in an oven set at a temperature of 30 °C / 35 °C and a relative humidity ranging from 65% to 70%, in glass jars containing semolina.
Toxicity Bioassay
The treatment for the T. castaneum adults was applied with a filter paper that was emerged in the hexane and methanol extracts in Petri dishes. The latter consists of 10 g of date flour and 15 T. castaneum adults. A control group was treated with DMSO. Three repetitions were applied for each treatment trial. After spraying, all the boxes were closed with the help of film, to prevent the individuals from escaping.
Toxicological Parameters: Mortality Rate
Mortality is the first criterion for judging the effectiveness of a chemical or biological treatment. The percentage of mortality observed in the control adults treated with the plant extract was estimated by applying the following formula, as shown in Eq. 1,
(1)
(Hadj et al. 2006).
The concentration of Efficacy CE50 CE refers to the “concentration of efficacy”, the EC50 is the quantity of a single-dose substance that causes mortality in 50% (half) of a treated group. The EC50 is a way of measuring the short-term toxic potential (acute toxicity) of a material (Kemassi 2014).
Statistical Analysis
Probability analysis of the corrected mortality percentage based on the doses of extracts applied to Tribolium castaneum were conducted to determine the values of the lethal dose 50 and 90 (LD 50 and LD 90) of the tested extracts. The mortality rate was subjected to the analysis of the variance (ANOVA). When the results were significant at a p-value equal to 0.5, Tukey (HSD) and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The XLSTAT software (version 2012, Microsoft, Redmond, WA) was used to interpret the experimental results.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Phytochemical Analysis of the Extract Oil
The GS-MS chromatograms of the O. pimpinelloides seed extracts were examined, and it was found that O. pimpinelloides seeds methanol extract (I) consisted of tetrahydrofuran, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-butoxyethanol, 1-phenylethanone, cyclohexene carboxylate derivative, (3-phenyl-2-propynylidene) cyclopropane, diphenyldiazene, and dihydroxypropyl ester components (as shown in Table 1). The methanolic extract was 23% yield.
Table 1. Gas Chromatography–mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Chromatogram Results of the MeOH Extraction of the O. pimpinelloides Sample
The O. pimpinelloides seeds hexane extract (II) consisted of nonane, 1-octanol, decane, undecane, tridecane, alkyl benzene, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoxazine, and hexadecanoic acid components, as well as some derivatives of them (as shown in Table 2).
Table 2.Gas Chromatography–mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Results of the Hexane Extraction of the O. pimpinelloides Sample
According to the GC-MS results, the hexane extract was rich in aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and the methanolic extract was rich in cyclic and acyclic ethers and aliphatic alcohols.
A previous study by Evergetis et al. (2009) indicated that the essential oil of Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. fresh aerial parts contained nonoxygenated monoterpenes (y-terpinene (43.2%), o-cymene (14.4%), p-sesquiphellandrene (8.2%), and p-pinene (6.7%)) that had larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens larvae. However, the cited study did not contain any results regarding the chemical composition of the seed parts of Oenanthe pimpinelloides.
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Results of the O. pimpinelloides Seed Extract Treated Paper
After treatment, the amount of extraction products absorbed by the paper samples was 5.31%. A comparison of the FTIR results of the extract impregnated paper and base paper samples are shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. FTIR results of the MeOH and Hexane extract-treated paper and base paper samples
A 1650 cm-1 band is associated with a strong stretching C=O bond. The FTIR results indicated that the bonds seen in the ethers and alcohols in the carbonyl compounds were retained by the paper samples. The base paper had a chemical bonding with both methanol and hexane extract with reactive C=O and COOH groups which is highly visible, whereas other chemical bonding between the base papers and extracts was not sufficiently visible.
Insecticidal Activity of Plant Extracts
The insecticidal activity of the seed extracts of O. pimpinelloides against the T. castaneum adults was studied at the Pedagogical Laboratory/ University of Ghardaïa (Algeria). The work was conducted under controlled conditions of temperature at 32 ± 2 °C, and humidity at 60 ± 4%. The filter paper that had been treated with seed extracts of O. pimpinelloides hexan and ethanolic extracts was placed petri dish and directly contacted with 15 adults of T. castaneum. For each sample, three repetitions were performed. The synthetic Pyritrinoides group (Decis®EC50) was used as a positive control under the same conditions. Besides, the insects of the control groups were examined with T. castaneum. Kinetic monitoring of the mortality was observed. The estimation of the mortality rates and the lethal doses were 50 and 90.
The mortality rate of the control batches was compared to the samples. The strong insecticidal effect of the O. pimpinelloides seed extracts was confirmed with respects to T. castaneum. The rate of mortality observed in the T. castaneum treated with hexane and ethanolic extracts from O. pimpinelloides was 100%. A similar study by Zardi-Bergaoui et al. (2008) indicated that ethyl acetate extract of crude Anacyclus and its eight fractions had A3, A4, P8, P10, F2, F3, and F7.
At the insecticidal level, positive results for the contact activity of the tested extracts were obtained against the red flour beetle adults. It was very clear that the mortality percentage was high for both pure extracts after 5 days. However, cryptocleidids showed a considerable inhibitory effect on T. confusum growth. The adult mortality reached 12 days after treatment. The corrected mortality properties as a function of the logarithms of the applied concentrations allowed for easy determination of the efficacy concentrations, i.e., the Lethal Dose, LD50 and LD90. LD50 represened acute toxicity and potential of short term toxicity of the sample and mortality rate was as a function of the logarithms of the application concentrations. Multiple comparison analysis of variance involved comparing of the average of the hexane and methanolic extracts of O. pimpinelloides group with the average of another.
Table 3. Regression Equation, Regression Coefficient, and LD50 Values for the Methanolic and Hexane Extract from Oeneanthe pimpinelloides on Tribolium castaneum
Table 3 shows the resulting values of the lethal doses of methanolic and hexane extract of O. pimpinelloides against the individuals of T. castaneum. The methanolic extract from O. pimpinelloides was more toxic to T. castaneum than the reported 50 lethal doses of 48.8 (μg) for individuals exposed to contact with the methanolic extract from O. pimpinelloides after 5 days. This dose was in the order of 50.8 (μg) for the individuals exposed via contact with the hexane extract of O. pimpinelloides. Statistical analysis were analyzed with “XLSTAT software. The variance analysis examined with ANOVA that compare the means of the results after the normality test and multiple comparison analysis of variance.
Soufi (2016) reports lethal doses in the order of 30.4 μL/cm² for Citrullus colocynthis seed oils against white scale of date palm, while it is 0.0643 mg/cm2 for the aqueous extract of the pulp of this same plant after a 24 h exposure period.
- In the current study, the phytotoxic effect of the seed extracts of Oeneanthe pimpinelloides, a member of the broad Apiaceae family, was determined and its utilization as a crop protectant for pest management in paper packaging applications was investigated.
- The methanolic and hexane phase-separated extracts were collected from O. pimpinelloides seeds. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the extracts was performed, and chemical substances contained in the hexane extract were rich in aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds, while the methanol extract was rich in cyclic and acyclic ethers and aliphatic alcohols. To benefit from its pure cellulosic structure and absorbent properties, the extracts were applied to pure filter paper via the immersion method. The FTIR of the paper impregnated extracts and base paper samples were compared, and the 1650 cm-1 band was characterized as a C=O stretching vibration of the bond. The FTIR results indicated that the bonds seen in the ethers and alcohols in the carbonyl compounds were also present in the treated paper samples.
- In particular, the paper samples gained a lethal effect against Tribolium Castaneum Herbst. Favorable paper materials provide effective protection for seed paper packaging and grain waste insulation material.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
FT-IR evaluation support for this research was provided by Prof. Dr. Sulhattin Yaşar and the samples were diagnosed by Prof. Dr. Unal Akkemik. The authors are grateful for their valuable contribution.
REFERENCES CITED
Abdusalam, K. B., Yee, L. S., Mediani, A., Akhtar, M. T., Buzgaia, N., Rukayadi, Y., Ismail, I. S, and Shaari, K. (2022). “H-1 NMR-based metabolomics profiling of Syzygium grande and Oenanthe javanica and relationship between their metabolite compositions and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus species,” Records of Natural Products 16(2), 128-143. DOI: 10.25135/rnp.258.21.01.1927
Amer, A., and Mehlhorn, H. (2006). “Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles and Culex larvae (Diptera, Culicidae),” Parasitology Research 99, 466-472. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0182-3
Bae, U.-J., Jang, H., Lee, S.-H., Kim, J.-Y., and Kim, G.-C. (2022). “Oenanthe javanica ethanolic extract alleviates inflammation and modifies gut microbiota in mice with DSS-induced colitis,” Antioxidants 11(12), 2429. DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122429
Baldini, R., Maccioni, S., Bedini, G., Flamini, G., and Cioni, P. L. (2009). “Essential oils composition of Melittis melissophyllum L. and Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. (Liguria, Italy),” Attidella Societa Toscana di ScienzeNaturali, Memorie Serie B 116, 61-66.
Chantraine, J.-M., Laurent, D., Ballivian, C., Saavedra, G., Ibanez, R., and Vilaseca, A. (1998). “Insecticidal activity of essential oils on Aedes aegypti larvae,” Phytotherapy Research 12(5), 350-354. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<350::AID-PTR311>3.0.CO;2-7
Demir, E., Turfan, N., Özer, H., Üstün, N. Ş., and Pekşen, A. (2020). “Nutrient and bioactive substance contents of edible plants grown naturally in Salıpazarı (Samsun),” Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 19(1), 151-160. DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2020.1.14
Ebadollahi, A. (2013). “Plant essential oils from Apiaceae family as alternatives to conventional insecticides,” Ecologia Balkanica 5(1), 149-172.
Evergetis, E., and Haroutounian, S. A. (2014). “Exploitation of Apiaceae family plants as valuable renewable source of essential oils containing crops for the production of fine chemicals,” Industrial Crops and Products 54, 70-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.01.009
Evergetis, E., Michaelakis, A., Kioulos, E., Koliopoulos, G., and Haroutounian, S. A. (2009). “Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from six Apiaceae family taxa against the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens,” Parasitology Research 105, 117-124. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1370-8
Gahukar, R. T. (1976). “Incidence economique des principaux insectes ravageurs des denrées stockéesen inde,” INRA B.T.I. 36, 35-39.
Guan, L., Tian, J., Cao, R., Li, M., Cai, Z., and Shen, W. (2014). “Barcode-like paper sensor for smartphone diagnostics: An application of blood typing,” Analytical Chemistry 86(22), 11362-11367. DOI: 10.1021/ac503300y
Guner, E. D. (2016). “Oenanthe incrassans: An enigmatic species from Turkey and its comparison with Oenanthe pimpinelloides (Apiaceae) ” PhytoKeys 62, 101-111. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.62.8106.
Hadj, M.D. O., Tankari Dan-Badjo, A., Halouane, F., and Doumandji, S. (2006). “Toxicité comparée des extraits de trois plantes acridifuges sur les larves du cinquième stade et sur les adultes de SchistocercagregariaForskål, 1775 (Orthoptera-Cyrtacanthacridinae),”Sécheresse 17(3), 407-414.
He, S. Tang, M., Zhang, Z., Liu, H., Luo, M., and Sun, H. (2020). “Hypoglycemic effects of phenolic compound-rich aqueous extract from water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC.) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice,” New J. Chem. 2020(44), 5190-5200. DOI: 10.1039/C9NJ05533A
Howe, R.W. (1956). “Effet de la température et de l’humidité sur le taux de développement et la mortalité de Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coléoptères, Ténébrionidés),”Annuelles de Biologie Appliquée 44, 356-368.
Isman, M. B. (2000). “Plant essential oils for pest and disease management,” Crop Protection 19(8-10), 603-608. DOI: 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00079-X
Jbilou, R., Ennabili, A., and Sayah, F. (2006). “Insecticidal activity of four medicinal plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae),” African Journal of Biotechnology 5(10), 936-940.
Kayabasi, N. P., Tumen, G., and Polat, R. (2018). “Wild edible plants and their traditional use in the human nutrition in Manyas (Turkey),” Indian J. Traditional Knowledge 17(2), 299-306.
Kemassi, A. (2014) Toxicité comparée des extraits d’Euphorbia guyoniana (Stapf.) (Euph.), Cleome arabica L. (Capp.) et de Capparis spinosa L. (Capparidaceae) récoltés de la région de Ghardaïa (Sah. sept.) sur les larves du cinquième stade et les adultes de Schistocercagregaria, Ph.D. Dissertation, KasdiMerbah Ouargla University, Ouargla, Algeria.
Kim, S.-I., Roh, J.-Y., Kim, D.-H., Lee, H.-K., and Ahn, Y.-J. (2003). “Insecticidal activities of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils against Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus chinensis,” Journal of Stored Products Research 39(3), 293-303. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00017-6
Labed, A., Safaei-Ghomi, J., Touzani, R., Kabouche, A., and Kabouche, Z. (2011). “GC-MS analysis of Oenanthe virgata Poiret (Apiaceae) from Algeria,” Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 14(4), 481-483. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2011.10643604
Lee, H.-S. (2004). “Acaricidal activity of constituents identified in Foeniculum vulgare fruit oil against Dermatophagoides spp.(Acari: Pyroglyphidae),” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52, 2887-2889. DOI: 10.1021/jf049631t
Lee, J., Kim, N., Cho, D.H., Chung, M.Y., Hwang, K.T., Kim, H.J., Jun, W., Park, C.S. (2006). “Ethanol extract of Oenanthe javanica modulates inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-kappa B mediated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophage,” Food Science and Biotechnology, 15 (2), 303-307.
Li, X., Tian, J., Garnier, G., and Shen, W. (2009). “Fabrication of paper-based microfluidic sensors by printing,” Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 76(2), 565-569. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.12.023
Li, X., Tian, J., Nguyen, T., and Shen, W. (2008). “Paper-based microfluidic devices by plasma,” Analytical Chemistry 80(23), 9131-9134. DOI: 10.1021/ac801729t
Marrone, P. G. (2019). “Pesticidal natural products – status and future potential” Pest Manag Sci 75 (9), 2325-2340. DOI: 10.1002/ps.5433
Matthews, G. (1993). “Insecticide application in stores,” in: Application Technology for Crop Protection, G. Matthews (ed.), CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom. DOI: 10.1079/9780851988344.0000
Miyazawa, M., Tsukamoto, T., Anzai, J., and Ishikawa, Y. (2004). “Insecticidal effect of Phthalides and Furanocoumarins from Angelica acutiloba against Drosophila melanogaster,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52(14), 4401-4405. DOI: 10.1021/jf0497049
Ozer, T., McMahon, C., and Henry, C. S. (2020). “ Advances in paper-based analytical devices,” Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 13(4), 1-4. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114845
Park, J. H., Kim, I. H., Ahn, J. H., Noh, Y., Kim, S.-Su., Lee, T.-K., Lee, J.-C., Shin, B.-N., Sim, T. H., Lee, H. S., et al. (2019). “Pretreated Oenanthe javanica extract increases anti-inflammatory cytokines, attenuates gliosis, and protects hippocampal neurons following transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils,” Neural Regeneration Research 14(9), 1536-1543. DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255973
Pieroni, A., Giusti, M. E., Pasquale, C. d., Lenzarini, C., Censorii, E., Gonzáles-Tejero, M. R., Sánchez-Rojas, P. C., Ramiro-Gutiérrez, J. M., Skoula, M., Johnson, C., et al. (2006). “Circum-Mediterranean cultural heritage and medicinal plant uses in traditional animal healthcare: A field survey in eight selected areas within the RUBIA project,” Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2, 1-12. DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-2-16
Pietyra, B. F., and Wegierek, P. (2017). “The forewing of the Aphis fabae (Scopoli 1763) (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha): A morphological and histological study” Zoomorphology 136, 349-358. DOI 10.1007/s00435-017-0358-7
Regnault-Roger, C. (1997). “The potential of botanical essential oils for insect pest control,” Integrated Pest Management Reviews 2(1), 25-34. DOI: 10.1023/A:1018472227889
Regnault-Roger, C., and Hamraoui, A. (1994). “Inhibition of reproduction of Acanthoscelidesobtectus Say (Coleoptera), a kidney bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) bruchid, by aromatic essential oils,” Crop Protection 13(8), 624-628. DOI: 10.1016/0261-2194(94)90009-4
Riebeiro, B. M., Guedes, R. N. C., Oliveira, E. E., and Santos, J. (2003). “Insecticide resistance and synergism in Brazilian populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae),” Journal of Stored Products Research 39(1), 21-31. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00014-0
Roorda, F. A., Schulten, G. G. M., and Andriessen, E. A. M. (1982). “Laboratory observations on the development of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Col., Tenebrionidae) on millet at different temperatures and relative humidities,” Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 93(1-5), 446-452. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1982.tb03618.x
Samada, L. H., and Tambunan U. S. F. (2020). “Biopesticides as promising alternatives to chemical pesticides: A review of their current and future status,” Online Journal of Biological Sciences 20 (2), 66-76. DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2020.66.76
Seo, W.-S., Cho, N.-S., and Ohga, S. (2008). “Possibility of hydrogen bonding between AKD and cellulose molecules during AKD sizing,” Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 53(2), 405-410. DOI: 10.5109/12849
Shen, W., Filonanko, Y., Truong, Y., Parker, I. H., Brack, N., Pigram, P., and Liesegang, J. (2000). “Contact angle measurement and surface energetics of sized and unsized paper,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 173(1-3), 117-126. DOI: 10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00454-4
Sokolof, A. (1972, 1974, 1977). La Biologiede Tribolium col., Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
Soufi, H. (2016). “Evaluation du pouvoir coccide des extraits Citrullus colocynthis Shard. (Cucurbitaceae)” Mémoire de Master, Université de Ghardaia, Ghardaia Algérie, 77 pp.
Sukumar, K., Perich, M. J., and Boobar, L. R. (1991). “Botanical derivatives in mosquito control: A review,” Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 7(2), 210-237.
Sulaiman, S. F., Seow, E. M., Saad, B., and Ooi K. L. (2022). “Enhancement of the recovery of antioxidants from Oenanthe javanica herbal teas by optimizing the fermentation, steaming and rolling procedures,” South African Journal of Botany 150, 651-657. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2022.07.042
Trabousli, A. F., El-Haj, S., Tueni, M., Taoubi, K., Nader, N. A., and Mrad, A. (2005). “Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiensmolestus (Diptera: Culicidae),” Pest Management Science 61(6), 597-604. DOI: 10.1002/ps.1017
Trabousli, A. F., Taoubi, K., El-Haj, S., Bessiere, J. M., and Rammal, S. (2002). “Insecticidal properties of essential oils against the mosquito Culex pipiensmolestus (Diptera: Culicidae),” Pest Management Science 58(5), 491-495. DOI: 10.1002/ps.486
Tsukamoto, T., Ishikawa, Y., and Miyazawa, M. (2005). “Larvicidal and adulticidal activity of alkylphthalide derivatives from rhizome of Cnidium officinale against Drosophila melanogaster,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(14), 5549-5553. DOI: 10.1021/jf050110v
Tunc, I., Berger, B. M., Erler, F., and Dagli, F. (2000). “Ovicidal activity of essential oils from five plants against two stored-product insects,” Journal of Stored Products Research 36(2), 161-168. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00036-3
White, N. (1995). “Insects, mites, and insecticides in stored grain ecosystems,” in: Stored Grain Ecosystem, D. Jayas, N. White, and W. Muir (eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.
Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Jiang, Q., El-Demellawi, J. K., Kim, H., and Alshareef, H. N., (2020). “MXene printing and patterned coating for device applications,” Advanced Materials 32(21), article 190486 (1-26). DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908486
Zardi-Bergaoui, A., Hammami, S., Kamel-Halima, M. B., Sakka-Rouis, L., Boussaada, O., Haouas, D., and Mighri, Z. (2008). “Insecticidal activities of flowerheads of Anacyclus cyrtolepidioides pomel growing in Tunisia against Tribolium confusum du Val.,” Journal of Entomology 5(4), 277-283. DOI: 10.3923/je.2008.277.283
Zettler, J., and Cuperus, G. (1990). “Pesticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleopteran: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat,” Journal of Economic Entomology 83(5), 1677-1681. DOI: 10.1093/jee/83.5.1677
Zohry, N. M. H. (2017). “Scanning electron morphological studies of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleopteran: Tenebrionidae),” The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology 78(6), 1-8. DOI 10.1186/s41936-017-0008-0.
Zohry, N. M. H., and El-Sayed, A. M. (2019). “Morphology, histology, and chemistry of
the wings of Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae),” The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology 80(16), 1-13. DOI:10.1186/s41936-019-0082-6
Article submitted: November 8, 2021; Peer review completed: February 5, 2022; Revised version received: March 22, 2023; Accepted: March 23, 2023; Published: March 29, 2023.
DOI: 10.15376/biores.18.2.3509-3521