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J.F. Coales. The future of control engineering. In Papermaking Systems and their Control, Trans. of the IVth Fund. Res. Symp. Oxford, 1969, (F. Bolam, ed.), pp 653–672, FRC, Manchester, 2018.

Abstract

Up to a few years ago, all industrial processes were either batch processes or were operated on a steady state basis, although some (like papermills, automatic looms and steel-rolling mills) operated in steady state only for a limited period until the specification or grade of the output had to be changed. Thus, industrial processes can be divided into three classes:

  1. Batch processes.
  2. Continuous processes.
  3. Quasi-batch processes.

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