Research Articles

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Rossi, C., and Solé, A. (2025). "A systematic review on enzymatic refining of recycled fibers: A potential to be unlocked," BioResources 20(3), Page numbers to be added.Sarikaya, A. G., and Ilhan, B. (2025). "Morphological and volatile profiles of Phlomis russeliana and Phlomis armeniaca from Uludağ, Türkiye," BioResources 20(3), 5301–5314.

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Researchpp 3154-3165Guo, T., Wang, Y., and Huang, J. (2017). "The effect of pH on electroless Ni-Fe-P alloy plating on poplar veneer," BioRes. 12(2), 3154-3165.Abstract Article PDF
Ni-Fe-P alloy coating was fabricated on poplar veneer substrates by an electroless plating method. The influence of pH on coating structure, elementary composition, thickness, crystal structure, surface resistivity, and magnetism were evaluated. The results indicated that when the plating solution pH was 9.5, the Ni-Fe-P coating had a crystal structure. The coating consisted of lamellar metal particles, and the thickness increased to 111 μm. This plated veneer showed soft magnetic properties. In contrast, when the plating solution pH was 4.5, the Ni-Fe-P coating had mainly an amorphous structure. The coating consisted of spherical metal particles, and the thickness was 67 μm. After 600 °C heat treatment, this plated veneer shifted to a crystalline structure and exhibited soft magnetic properties. In two kinds of plated veneers, the lateral direction resistivity was two times greater than the longitudinal direction resistivity.
Researchpp 3166-3181Dixon, P. G., Malek, S., Semple, K. E., Zhang, P. K., Smith, G. D., and Gibson, L. J. (2017). "Multiscale modelling of moso bamboo oriented strand board," BioRes. 12(2), 3166-3181.Abstract Article PDF
The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of three-layer moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) Oriented Strand Board (OSB) was modelled using a multiscale approach proposed for wood OSB. The modelling approach for wood OSB was adapted to bamboo OSB by accounting for the different structures of wood and bamboo tissue. The MOE of moso bamboo OSB was measured previously in bending; the strands in the surface layer had a preferred orientation and were either from the internode region of the culm or contained node tissue. The model for loading parallel to the preferred orientation of the surface strands gives a good description of the measured values of MOE for boards with internode surface strands (8.6 GPa modelled compared to 8.1 GPa previously measured), but overpredicts that for boards with surface strands containing nodes (8.8 GPa modelled compared to 6.7 previously measured). The model for loading perpendicular to the preferred orientation of the surface strands gives a good description of the MOE data if the core layer moduli are estimated using compliance averaging, for specimens with and without nodes (1.5 GPa modelled compared to 1.5 GPa previously measured).
Researchpp 3182-3191Qin, C., Li, S., Jiang, G., Cao, J., Guo, Y., Li, J., Zhang, B., and Han, S. (2017). "Preparation of flower-like ZnO nanoparticles in a cellulose hydrogel microreactor," BioRes. 12(2), 3182-3191.Abstract Article PDF
Flower-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized with sodium hydroxide and zinc acetate in a cellulose hydrogel microreactor (prepared by the inversion method). The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, EDX, x-ray diffractometry, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The results indicated that ZnO grows in a flower-like shape in the pores of the cellulose hydrogel. The pure hexagonal wurtzite structures have uniform diameters in the range of 10 nm to 30 nm, surface areas of 39.18 m2/g, and pore volumes of 0.2109 cm3/g. This study also investigated the photocatalytic properties. The nanoparticles have a band gap of 3.23 eV and a 95.2% efficiency for the ultraviolet degradation of rhodamine B over 3 h at room temperature.
Researchpp 3192-3210Síkora, A., Gaffová, Z., Rajnoha, R., Šatanová, A., and Kminiak, R. (2017). "Deflection of densified beech and aspen woods as a function of selected factors," BioRes. 12(2), 3192-3210.Abstract Article PDF
Effects of selected factors (wood species (Beech, Aspen), degree of densification (10%, 20%), material thickness (4 mm, 6 mm, 10 mm, and 18 mm), and number of loading cycles (0, 10,000)) were analyzed relative to the bendability of densified wood. The monitored characteristics were the deflection at proportional limit (YE), deflection at maximum limit (YP), and their ratio (YE:YP). One of the main causes of unfavorable wood bending is its low deflection under tensile stress parallel to the fiber in comparison to compressive stress in the same direction. From the results it is clear that the deflection at the proportionality limit depended on all monitored factors. The deflection at the yield point was not influenced by cyclic loading, and the ratio of deflection was influenced by material thickness only. Based on this ratio, the moulding properties of material can be identified. There was a strong correlation between the two deflection limits. The results are an important foundation for progress in the production of laminated materials with specific properties for intended use.
Researchpp 3211-3221Grandes-Blanco, A. I., Tlecuitl-Beristain, S., Díaz, R., Sánchez, C., Téllez-Téllez, M., Márquez-Domínguez, L., Santos-López, G., and Díaz-Godínez, G. (2017). "Heterologous expression of laccase (LACP83) of Pleurotus ostreatus," BioRes. 12(2), 3211-3221.Abstract Article PDF
The heterologous expression of the gene LACP83 (encoding a laccase) from Pleurotus ostreatus in Escherichia coli was characterized. The laccase enzyme activity and kinetics of bacterial growth with an inducer (IPTG) and without inducer were determined. The maximum enzymatic activity was observed at 7 h post induction with a value of 3740 ± 342 U/L, which was similar to that reported for the native strain of P. ostreatus at 144 h of culture. Furthermore, the induction of laccase with IPTG reduced the specific growth rate of recombinant E. coli BL21 by approximately 50%. These results support the use this system for the recombinant production of the enzyme on an industrial scale.
Researchpp 3222-3235Yao, X., Xu, K., and Liang, Y. (2017). "Comparative analysis of the physical and chemical properties of different biomass ashes produced from various combustion conditions," BioRes. 12(2), 3222-3235.Abstract Article PDF
The ash yield, composition, mineral phases, and other physical and chemical properties of various biomass ashes are dependent on ashing temperature. To fully understand the impacts of biomass species and ashing temperature on the characterization of biomass ashes, three kinds of biomass fuels were treated at different ashing temperatures to produce biomass ashes. Their properties were analyzed by a series of qualitative and quantitative methods, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermal gravimetric, and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DTA). The experimental results indicated that as the ashing temperature was raised, the ash slagging tendency could be enhanced. The fused layer on the surface of ash particles was coated with potassium chloride, which was the key reason for the development of severe agglomeration and slagging. Due to the high carbon content and large number of pores in the lower temperature ashes, a low-cost adsorbent could be developed effectively from these carbon materials. The thermal decomposition of all ashes showed a stepwise mechanism. The total weight loss of the same biomass ash decreased with increased ashing temperature, which corresponded well with the phase transitions and thermal reaction sequences.
Researchpp 3236-3249Lu, Z., Wang, M., Jia, W., and Zhao, Z. (2017). "Effects of hot air temperature on drying properties of biomass brick during heat treatment," BioRes. 12(2), 3236-3249.Abstract Article PDF
The effects of hot air temperature on the drying properties of biomass brick during heat treatment were examined. Biomass brick was dried for 156 h at 30 °C to 80 °C and 50% relative humidity. The results showed that the moisture content and density of the brick during heat treatment were affected greatly by the hot air temperature. The moisture content was affected remarkably by the drying time. Drying shrinkage extents were affected noticeably by the drying time and air temperature. The moisture content and density after drying were decreased with increased time. The compression strength increased with the increased air temperature from 30 °C to 70 °C.
Researchpp 3250-3264Ružiak, I., Igaz, R., Krišťák, L., Réh, R., Mitterpach, J., Očkajová, A., and Kučerka, M. (2017). "Influence of urea-formaldehyde adhesive modification with beech bark on chosen properties of plywood," BioRes. 12(2), 3250-3264.Abstract Article PDF
The influence of beech bark concentrations as filler in urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives was investigated relative to the composite forming process and selected properties of final 5-layer beech plywood. Beech bark was used as filler to lower the wood processing waste production and decrease formaldehyde emissions. A combination of UF adhesives filled with different beech bark concentrations as the adhesive was used. Three different concentrations of beech bark, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 25 wt.% were used in the experiment. Urea-formaldehyde adhesive filled with 20 wt.% technical flour was used as a reference sample. The effect of the filler was studied via its temperature profile during pressing, mechanical properties in bending, water absorption, thickness swelling, and formaldehyde emissions after pressing. The time needed to reach the temperature between the beech veneers, at least 105 °C, which was equal to the final temperature filler-adhesive-wood matrix cross-linking, was also investigated during the pressing process. The measurements of the free formaldehyde emissions showed that for samples with non-zero bark concentrations there was a decrease of formaldehyde emissions by at least 46%.
Researchpp 3265-3276Cao, Y., Song, W., Yang, Z., Chen, Z., and Zhang, S. (2017). "The properties of particleboard made from alkaline-treated wheat straw and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate binder," BioRes. 12(2), 3265-3276.Abstract Article PDF
Properties were evaluated for particleboard made from polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (pMDI) binder and wheat straw treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia hydroxide (NH3·H2O) solutions. The crystallinity (Xc) of wheat straw and board properties including internal bond strength (IB), thickness swelling after 24 h (24 hTS), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were investigated. XRD indicated that the crystallinity of wheat straw was increased with the mass fraction range from 1% to 3%, and the bending properties of board were also improved. MOR and MOE were significantly (P < 0.05) improved, and a positive correlation with solution mass fraction was shown. Bending properties, especially MOE, were superior to the requirements in GB/T 4897-2015. IB of NaOH solution treated board was also significantly higher (P < 0.05), but results for IB of ammonia solution treated and 24 hTS for board treated with both solutions failed to meet the standard. Effects of the two solutions were not the same according to a t-test, and the effects of NaOH were better.
Researchpp 3277-3288Gao, X., Dong, Y., Wang, K., Chen, Z., Yan, Y., Li, J., and Zhang, S. (2017). "Improving dimensional and thermal stability of poplar wood via aluminum-based sol-gel and furfurylation combination treatment," BioRes. 12(2), 3277-3288.Abstract Article PDF
Wood modification is an efficient method to improve wood performance and expand the applications of wood material. In this study, a combination modification method of aluminum sol-gel and furfurylation was developed to improve the performance of poplar wood. Wood samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The properties of the treated wood, including thermal stability, water uptake, dimensional stability, and dynamic wettability were also evaluated. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the incorporation of an aluminum-based gel could prevent furfurylated wood from thermal degradation by converting the gel into nano-Al2O3. The aluminum-based sol-gel apparently hindered furfuryl alcohol polymerization and reduced the weight percent gain of the samples; the anti-swelling efficiency of the treated wood was over 57% (with little decrease) due to crosslinking between the wood and aluminum-based gel. The water uptake and hydrophobicity of the modified samples were improved significantly in comparison to the control samples.

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