BioResources

Featured Editorials

• Editorialpp 2758–2759Sjöstrand, B. (2026). "Is there still room for hypothetical ideas and simple experiments in modern research?" BioResources 21(2), 2758–2759.AbstractArticlePDF

  Scientific progress has never been driven solely by perfect data or bullet-proof methods. Rather, it has been propelled by imagination—by researchers’ willingness to observe the world and ask, “What if?” Yet, according to my experience, the contemporary research landscape often suggests that speculation is suspicious, simple investigation methods are inadequate, and acceptance of submitted manuscript is reserved for those employ the most elaborate investigation methods, at least in high impact journals. This editorial argues that these trends risk narrowing the boundaries of inquisitiveness and creating even more unequal opportunities based on the financial wealth of individual researchers and institutions. The scientific method is not a ritual of complexity, but rather a disciplined form of curiosity. If we lose sight of this, we may end up optimizing precision at the expense of inspiration.

• Editorialpp 2760–2762Xv, Z., Xv, X., Zhu, S., Wu, G., and Jin, F. (2026). "Integration of 1st and 2nd generation bioethanol fuel production: Opportunities and limitations," BioResources 21(2), 2760–2762.AbstractArticlePDF

  Bioethanol currently is the most widely used transport biofuel in the world. At present, it is mainly produced from starch-rich grains and sugar cane (the first generation bioethanol fuel). Starch and sugars from existing food materials limit its feedstock supply, and its sustainable production is facing great challenges. Production of bioethanol fuel from the lignocellulosic materials (the second generation bioethanol fuel) has aroused great interest in recent decades because the lignocellulosic materials, such as agricultural and forestry wastes and organic industrial wastes, are abundant, widely available, and inexpensive. However, its large-scale industrial production is still not economically feasible because of high pretreatment and enzyme costs, as well as low ethanol final concentration and yield, based on current technology. Some recent studies indicate that the integration of the first and second generation of bioethanol fuel production can increase the final ethanol concentration and yield, reduce the enzyme and water usage, and effectively improve its process economy. This editorial will give a brief discussion on the integration of the first and second generation of bioethanol fuel production.

• Editorialpp 2763–2766Zhang, J. (2026). "Transparent wood or bamboo composites as a suitable topic for college-level education, research, and outreach activities in the next decade," BioResources 21(2), 2763–2766.AbstractArticlePDF

  Due to societal interest in reducing carbon emissions, transparent wood has attracted increasing attention since 2016. Research on transparent wood composites has become a hot spot in the forest product field. Many challenges and limitations still need to be addressed, involving large-dimensional manufacturing, weak interfacial bonding, difficult three-dimensional tunable, and insufficient optical transmittance. A series of student-led projects is proposed in this editorial to address these barriers. A further goal in transparent wood composite development is to replace single-use plastics (e.g. polyethylene terephthalate food containers). It is proposed to Integrate transparent wood composite research into the education and outreach activities of wood science and forestry university programs.

• Editorialpp 2767–2770Li, P., He, Y., Wu, S., and Li, T. (2026). "Priority dissolution of hemicellulose and its subsequent value-added utilization along with high activity lignin," BioResources 21(2), 2767–2770.AbstractArticlePDF

  In lignocellulosic biorefineries, efficiently and cleanly deconstructing the stubborn structure of plant cell walls to achieve component separation remains a research hotspot. Among these, the high-value utilization of lignin is limited by its purity and condensed structure. Traditional pretreatment strategies have predominantly focused on “forceful cell wall disruption,” directly targeting lignin itself for removal or dissolution. However, recent research on two-step sequential biomass deconstruction is guiding us toward a more sophisticated paradigm: the preferential and deep dissolution of hemicellulose can serve as a “switch” that triggers subsequent efficient and selective dissolution of lignin.

• Editorialpp 2771–2773Derikvand, M. (2026). "Reusing timber for a circular, low-carbon future: Challenges and the path forward," BioResources 21(2), 2771–2773.AbstractArticlePDF

  Load-bearing timber is usually not reused in a second structural application after its first service life, not due to proven inadequacy, but largely because prevailing standards recognize only first-use material. When buildings are dismantled, the recovered timber is typically routed toward energy recovery, re- or down-cycling, or disposal, while functionally equivalent components for new construction are manufactured from newly harvested logs. The current regulatory framework favors virgin timber, even where reused elements could technically perform the same structural functions. Therefore, one of the primary barriers to structural timber reuse is the absence of codified pathways for qualification, certification, and market acceptance.

• Editorialpp 2774–2777Ponce de León, A., Ehman, N., and Area, M. C. (2026). "What do consumers understand and perceive about plastic food packaging? An exploratory study in Argentina," BioResources 21(2), 2774–2777.AbstractArticlePDF

  Single-use plastic food packaging is a practical, safe, and economical solution to food transportation and conservation. However, there is growing concern about its environmental impact. In Argentina, discussions around sustainability and consumption habits have gained prominence, leading consumers to reconsider and reduce their use of fossil-based plastics in food packaging. However, it remains challenging to determine whether consumer perception reflects conditional acceptance or signals a paradigm shift.

• Editorialpp 2778–2781Garbowski, T. (2026). "Reevaluating safety margins in corrugated board packaging," BioResources 21(2), 2778–2781.AbstractArticlePDF

  Safety margins have long been a cornerstone of corrugated board packaging design, serving as a practical buffer against uncertainty in material properties, loading conditions, and environmental exposure. Traditionally, these margins have been expressed as single conservative factors derived from standardized laboratory tests and simplified analytical models. While effective in ensuring robustness, such an approach increasingly reveals its limitations. Modern logistics systems are characterized by strong variability, time-dependent effects, and growing pressure to reduce material consumption. This work argues that classical safety margins should be reconsidered not as fixed scalar values, but as dynamic, context-dependent constructs. A conceptual shift is proposed, moving from static safety factors toward a multidimensional safety landscape that reflects the combined influence of climate, time, geometry, and logistics-specific loading scenarios. Emerging tools in numerical modeling, sensing technologies, and data-driven analysis provide the foundation for this transition. The paper outlines the implications of such reframing for sustainable packaging design and highlights how a more nuanced understanding of safety margins can simultaneously improve reliability and reduce material overdesign.

• Editorialpp 2782–2786de Melo Júnior, J. C. F. (2026). "Historical anatomy of sacred statuary in Brazil: Wood anatomy and physical properties," BioResources 21(2), 2782–2786.AbstractArticlePDF

  Wood was a principal source material used in the making of sacred statuary in Brazil during the 16^th and 19^th centuries. Artisans used timber in the sacred carpentry based on the singular properties of the wood and the locally available forestry bioresources.  The present study aimed to evaluate the wood species used in sacred statuary and to show how some wood properties relate to this carpentry. Based on original data and specialized literature, the results demonstrate the use of 17 preferred wood species, with Cedrela sp. (Meliaceae) as the most notable. This wood species presents low density, texture, and secondary metabolites that facilitate manual work and protect against xylophagous attack. Additionally, the sweet odor of this wood symbolizes sacred knowledge. Hence it can be concluded that cedar is a historically important wood for the making of sacred statuary in all Brazilian regions.

• Editorialpp 2787–2791Souza Júnior , A. S. de, and Melo Júnior, J. C. F. (2026). "Can postage stamps reveal Brazil’s forest bioresources?" BioResources 21(2), 2787–2791.AbstractArticlePDF

  Postage stamps can reveal the communication between different fields of knowledge, transforming elements of nature into emblems for the representation of biodiversity, economic resources, national identity, and the cultural identity of countries. Brazilian philatelic issues that represent timber species express the dialogue between forest resources and the bioeconomy. The historical relationship between man, his territory, and the use of forest resources is established through visual records of the management, use, and valorization of Brazilian timbers over time. This editorial seeks to demonstrate how postage stamps become instruments for publicizing the country’s timber potential and how they disseminate knowledge about the diversity of species of economic interest.

• Editorialpp 2792–2795Melo Júnior, J. C. F., and Jaques-Gonçalves, E. (2026). "Historical woods and public policies for the conservation of national built monuments in Brazil," BioResources 21(2), 2792–2795.AbstractArticlePDF

  Historical timbers constitute bio-resources that faithfully attest to ancestral knowledge concerning forests and the evolution of technological and cultural understanding associated with the use of wood. Timber is a ubiquitous component of many historical buildings. While significant policies guide interventions on this type of cultural property, gaps persist within the Brazilian context. The present study aims to problematize public preservation policies and propose strategies to address the disposal of historical timbers during interventions in the built heritage. The importance of botanical studies is underscored, as well as the necessity of establishing mandatory safeguarding mechanisms—specifically, the deposition of replaced timber (due to pathological issues in historical buildings) in a specialized scientific collection. This measure serves to register the knowledge and practices that connect the cultural past with the present.

• Editorialpp 1-4Paulino, F. A., and Melo Júnior, J. C. F. de. (2026). "Indigenous woods of the carving zoomorphic art in the southern Brazilian Atlantic forest," BioResources 21(1), 1–4.AbstractArticlePDF

  Trees constitute an inseparable part of artistic expression in many human cultures. The zoomorphic woodcarving art of the Guarani Mbya Indigenous People—an ethnic group that once densely occupied much of South America—embodies the synergy between bioeconomy, technology, art, and ancestral knowledge of trees and their woods. It reflects the millennial sociocultural relationship between humans, their territory, and sustainable management practices aimed at preserving both ancestral culture and biodiversity. This editorial highlights the connection between wood properties and Indigenous carving art within the context of the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil, aiming to demonstrate ancestral knowledge of the forest and its species.

• Editorialpp 5–9Clauser, N. M., and Cristina Area, M. (2026). "Consumer perception and behavior for sustainable market success," BioResources 21(1), 5–9.AbstractArticlePDF

  The bioeconomy is one of the most significant economic sectors in the global economy, and numerous biobased products and services have been developed in recent years. Most assessments in the field of biobased products focus on process development, technologies, and sustainability assessment. In addition to the most common focus, one of the key areas is the understanding of consumer trends, which are a critical factor in biobased products. These trends are driven by psychological, economic, social, and cultural factors, and their assessment must be developed considering factors like gender, age, income, regional culture, and labeling. Developing effective strategies to introduce biobased products into the market is essential for advancing sustainable development and must be given due emphasis.

• Editorialpp 10–12Koukoulas, A. A., Lonsdale, J., and Kuttner, B. (2026). "Wildfire management: Canada’s carbon opportunity and a lesson for all," BioResources 21(1), 10–12.AbstractArticlePDF

  Canada’s recent wildfires have released well over half a gigaton of carbon dioxide in a single season, which on par with the annual emissions of Japan or Germany. Removing this volume through engineered carbon capture would cost more than one trillion dollars, yet only a fraction of that is spent on wildfire suppression and sustainable mitigation. Proactive forest management, which includes thinning, harvesting, and putting fuel wood to productive use, offers a far more cost-effective path, reducing fire intensity while creating low-carbon products and rural jobs. Redirecting even a small share of carbon-offset spending toward such projects could fund lasting prevention. For both Canada and elsewhere, investing in prevention is sound climate policy and an economic imperative.

• Editorialpp 13–15Kirch, C., and Saloni, D. (2026). "Closing the loop: Recycling PLA waste from 3D printing into value-added filament at NC State University," BioResources 21(1), 13–15.AbstractArticlePDF

  The rapid growth of 3D printing in university makerspaces has created a new but often overlooked waste stream: discarded polylactic acid (PLA) filament from failed prints, support structures, and design errors. Although PLA is a bio-based and recyclable thermoplastic, most of this material currently ends up in landfills. This paper outlines a pilot project at NC State University to close this loop by collecting, processing, and re-extruding PLA waste into new 3D printing filaments. The system, developed through collaboration between the D.H. Hill Makerspace and Hodges Lab, employs a straightforward four-step process—collection, sorting, grinding, and extrusion—thereby achieving over 90% material efficiency. Besides demonstrating technical feasibility, the project emphasizes how campus-scale circular systems can reduce waste, lower costs, and serve as educational models for sustainable manufacturing. This initiative provides a replicable framework for universities and small-scale fabrication facilities seeking to incorporate circular economy principles into their operations.

• Editorialpp 16–18Thorp, B., Saloni, D., and Lucia , L. (2026). "Pulp & Paper Manufacturing: The best kept secret on the global sustainability stage," BioResources 21(1), 16–18.AbstractArticlePDF

  When the public is asked to name the most globally sustainable industries, they typically respond with solar, wind, geothermal, or EVs. Yet, who would ever imagine the pulp & paper industry, which is often caricatured as a relic, is in fact one of the largest and most secretly sustainable manufacturing sectors. Its entire infrastructure and operations are built on replenishable forests and powered by renewable energy streams to produce recyclable, biodegradable products. The pulp & paper industry has a story that deserves retelling in the age of sustainability metrics and ESG frameworks. Our editorial embarks on a short simple journey to reframe pulp & paper not as a legacy industry, but as a model for sustainable manufacturing by using a clear, quantifiable system to demonstrate its global environmental impact.

• Editorialpp 19–21Helal, W. M. K. (2026). "Navigating the lignocellulosic frontier: Accelerating sustainable bioresource solutions," BioResources 21(1), 19–21.AbstractArticlePDF

  Lignocellulosic biomass provides a sustainable substitute for fossil resources in energy, materials, and products. This editorial highlights important developments in biotechnological and bioprocessing methods while analyzing the present pace and trajectory of lignocellulosic valorization. Despite encouraging developments, there are still many obstacles to widespread adoption, such as sociopolitical acceptance, economic viability, and technical complexity. To overcome these obstacles and to hasten the necessary shift to a genuinely sustainable bioeconomy, there is a vital need for integrated biorefinery approaches, sophisticated feedstock engineering, and encouraging policy frameworks. This editorial emphasizes how urgent it is to work together in order to fully utilize lignocellulosic resources.

• Editorialpp 22–24Pajer, N., and Crestini, C. (2026). "Humins: Still-unknown antagonists in polysaccharides valorisation," BioResources 21(1), 22–24.AbstractArticlePDF

  Among the primary objectives of modern biorefineries is the production of furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural, and their derivatives, which are key compounds for the synthesis of widely used fine chemicals, including plastics and other everyday materials. However, the industrial development of these processes is hindered by the formation of unwanted by-products, most notably humins. Humins are highly cross-linked macromolecules of complex nature with limited technological applications. This editorial offers a brief overview of the “humin issue”, discussing the challenges posed by these materials from an analytical perspective. Despite considerable efforts towards their characterization, the structure of these materials remains largely unresolved, representing an ongoing challenge for green chemistry and the optimization of biorefinery processes.

• Editorialpp 25–27Zhang, J., and Fu, S. (2026). "Opportunities and challenges of biomass-based electromagnetic shielding materials," BioResources 21(1), 25–27.AbstractArticlePDF

  Biomass with its abundance, renewability, and processability has been extensively studied and utilized for developing electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials as an alternative to non-renewable metal-based EMI shielding materials. This editorial briefly discusses biomass and EMI materials, emphasizing the natural advantages of biomass for EMI shielding materials and current limitations. Finally, future research directions and challenges are predicted, providing insights to promote the development of biomass-based EMI shielding materials.

• Editorialpp 8392–8395Clauser, N. M., and Area, M. C. (2025). "Challenges, innovations, and future directions in life cycle assessment of product and process impacts," BioResources 20(4), 8392–8395.AbstractArticlePDF

  Reliable estimation of the environmental impacts of processes and products is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a key method for evaluating such effects. Since its development, the concept has evolved to improve the precision of the obtained results. In addition to software tools, various focuses are available that consider factors such as sustainability, social aspects, and organizational perspectives. Beyond the advancements made, there is still a need for improvement in developing accurate models and frameworks. In this sense, developments such as new information technologies can be key players in the field.

• Editorialpp 8396–8399Hubbe, M. A. (2025). "The sometimes antisocial nature of nanofibrillated cellulose and some other papermaking fiber surfaces," BioResources 20(4), 8396–8399.AbstractArticlePDF

  The word “antisocial” appears to well describe some aspects that have been observed when nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has been added to papermaking fiber suspensions, in combination with some chemical additives that are commonly used in that process. The analogies of folded hands or a clenched fist can be used to convey a hypothesis of an inability of certain cellulosic fibrils to become engaged in a microscopic three-dimensional structure, which appears to be essential for the development of paper strength. Though this editorial points to some important drawbacks of NFC as an additive for conventional papermaking, it also sheds more light on the wisdom of conventional pulp refining technology. One can envision refining partly as a way to activate cellulosic nanofibrils at the fiber surfaces such that they are ready to intertwine with each other efficiently at a nano scale during the formation of the sheet. In this way they can achieve a favorable combination of dewatering rate, efficient of retention of the fibrillated matter, and notable increases in strength properties.

• Editorialpp 5214–5217Zhang, J., and Chen, S. (2025). "Hemicellulose-derived xylan and its nanocrystal as novel polysaccharides to tune micro-phase separated block copolymers for advanced applications," BioResources 20(3), 5214–5217.AbstractArticlePDF

  Self-assembled block copolymers (BCPs) with micro-phase separated structures have attracted attention due to their potential applications as lithography material in the semiconductor industry and a soft template in the design of precisely ordered pore materials. The primary questions to be addressed include whether forestry bio-material xylan makes it possible to tune micro-phase separation window of BCP along with high Flory-Huggins’s parameter BCP design. Additionally, xylan nanocrystals (XNCs) have potential to further tune micro-phase separation of BCP due to their unique rod- or platelet-like shape and high crystallization. The follow-up question to be addressed is how to design XNC-BCP hybrid nanocomposites with ordered nanostructure that work as a soft template to establish precisely organized pores in energy-material applications. The studies of xylan and XNC tailoring micro-phase separation of BCP open an avenue for its advanced applications.

• Editorialpp 5218–5221Fiskari, J., Henriksson, G., Swerin, A., Carlsson-Kvarnlöf, G., Sjöstrand, B., and Germgård, U. (2025). "After decades of extensive research, is kraft lignin valorization still up in the air? – Obstacles, opportunities, and myths," BioResources 20(3), 5218–5221.AbstractArticlePDF

  In the past decades, substantial research efforts have been directed towards increasing the availability of renewable and recycled raw materials. Lignin, one of the most abundant natural polymers, constitutes a vast, renewable, and largely untapped source of aromatic structures. In addition, it is one of the most abundant renewable sources of carbon. Despite the countless research projects aimed at valorizing kraft lignin, the largest source of industrial lignin, relatively few commercial kraft lignin products have emerged. Simultaneously, lignosulfonates represent a commercially successful range of products with a steady and growing global market. This paper reviews the current outlook of technical lignin research, including common misunderstandings, and discusses various factors that have hampered the use of lignin as a renewable source of materials and chemicals.

• Editorialpp 5222–5225Luo, T. Y., and Jiang, X. C. (2025). "Development of educational tourism based on Guangxi’s traditional papermaking techniques," BioResources 20(3), 5222–5225.AbstractArticlePDF

  This editorial piece examines the integration of Guangxi’s traditional papermaking techniques with educational tourism, demonstrating the potential to combine cultural preservation and modern tourism development. Through data analysis, it highlights the increasing interest in cultural tourism and educational experiences, proposing practical strategies such as interactive program design, cultural integration, industry chain extension, and digital promotion. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of policy support and infrastructure improvement to enhance the visitor experience. Guangxi’s papermaking educational tourism serves as a model for successfully merging intangible cultural heritage with tourism, contributing to cultural sustainability and local economic growth.

• Editorialpp 5226–5229Stanciu, M.-C., and Teacă, C.-A. (2025). "Wood - An inestimable valuable good in the traditional Romanian household," BioResources 20(3), 5226–5229.AbstractArticlePDF

  Objects made of wood form one of the most important chapters of the heritage of civilization, culture, and traditional popular art of woodcraft among the Romanian people, encompassing creations that continue to develop this millennia-old legacy. Popular art in wood is, undoubtedly, an organic art. It is deeply connected to work and life in which various objects seamlessly blend utility with beauty in the most natural way possible, fully addressing this dual necessity. Wood art is not just a craft of shapes and motifs; it reveals, in specific stylistic structures, a genuine thought and conception of the world and life.

• Editorialpp 5230–5233Hang, C. (2025). "The market value of Chinese root carving art: A study of cross-border E-commerce in ASEAN," BioResources 20(3), 5230–5233.AbstractArticlePDF

  Chinese root carving art, a traditional craftsmanship form, carries profound cultural significance and high artistic value. In the era of globalization and technological advancement, the market for Chinese root carving art has expanded significantly, particularly with the rise of cross-border e-commerce. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) presents an intriguing market for such art due to its diverse cultural landscape and growing interest in traditional crafts. This editorial examines the market value of Chinese root carving art in ASEAN countries, focusing on how cross-border e-commerce can facilitate its international dissemination and commercialization. By analyzing the unique appeal of root carving, the cultural context of ASEAN, and the advantages and challenges of cross-border e-commerce, this editorial aims to provide insights and strategies for promoting the internationalization of Chinese root carving art.

• Editorialpp 5234–5237Wang, Y. (2025). "Traditional craft conservation and technological innovation of Xuan paper: An exploration applicable to Chinese mixed-materials art," BioResources 20(3), 5234–5237.AbstractArticlePDF

  Xuan paper, an essential treasure of Chinese culture, has long been the heart of calligraphy and ink painting. This paper delves into the delicate balance between preserving the traditional craft of Xuan paper and embracing the innovation of modern technology, highlighting how these advancements have transformed its production process and expanded its role in contemporary mixed-media art. The traditional methods, rooted in skilled craftsmanship and natural materials, have served as the foundation for a material that can withstand centuries of artistic expression. With the rise of modern machinery and digital printing techniques, Xuan paper has evolved to meet the demands of today’s artists, offering enhanced durability and consistency while maintaining its unique texture. The fusion of old and new not only revitalizes this ancient art form but opens new avenues in contemporary art, where Xuan paper is now integrated with diverse materials and techniques. This editorial explores how technological innovations breathe new life into Xuan paper, providing artists with fresh tools for creative expression, while ensuring that its cultural heritage remains intact. Ultimately, this exploration aims to chart a course for the sustainable future of Xuan paper, making it relevant for both traditional and modern art forms.

• Editorialpp 5238–5241Ma, Y., Liu, Y., Mo, Y., Li, Y., and Zhang , J. (2025). "Study on development of restoration and digital display of paper artifacts," BioResources 20(3), 5238–5241.AbstractArticlePDF

  Paper artifacts are important carriers of history and culture. As they age and are affected by environmental factors, their protection and restoration become increasingly important. This paper discusses the restoration techniques for paper artifacts, including cleaning, acid removal, strengthening, and surface protection. It also considers the application of digital technologies in artifact restoration. Digital scanning, virtual restoration, and digital display provide new solutions for artifact restoration, effectively protecting artifacts from further damage, enhancing accessibility, and promoting academic research and education. Although digital display faces challenges such as technological limitations, storage, and copyright issues, with technological advancements, the restoration and display of paper artifacts will see more innovations. The protection and transmission of paper artifacts have become an important task in global cultural heritage preservation.

• Editorialpp 5242–5245Hubbe, M. A., and Lucia, L. A. (2025). "The ethics of sustainability," BioResources 20(3), 5242–5245.AbstractArticlePDF

  Sustainability ethics is a relevant topic as we humans become more focused on the implications of “going green.” We all need to think about what sustainability means and the extent to which we need to change our individual behaviors so that its goals can be met. This editorial will explore the idea of how our ego plays a role in defining sustainable behavior and ways in which a breadth of ethical constructs can guide our thinking on what is right and what is wrong. All of us cannot give up meat or avoid flying, but all of us can engage in healthy dialogue to determine how we all can subscribe to the principles of sustainability in ethical ways, as governed by our understandings and feelings. Ultimately, we recognize ethical behavior as an ecosystem of social, environmental, and intellectual parameters which affect not only humans, but also the non-humans around us.

• Editorialpp 2459–2463Azuaje, I., Gonzalez, R., Ekvall, T., Gaudreault, C., Dessbesell, L., Tu, Q., and Lizundia, E. (2025). "Global discussion on life cycle assessment allocation methods for recycled fibers," BioResources 20(2), 2459–2463.AbstractArticlePDF

  On September 3^rd, 2024, North Carolina State University, the University of British Columbia, Aalto University, the University of Chile, and the University of the Basque Country organized a global webinar on allocation methods for recycled fibers. The event focused on the challenges and complexities associated with allocation methods for open-loop recycling systems, focusing on bio-based fibers for packaging. The webinar featured three expert presentations by Dr. Tomas Ekvall, Dr. Caroline Gaudreault, and MSc. Ivana Azuaje, each offering valuable insights into the topic.

• Editorialpp 2464–2467Kitaoka, T. (2025). "Nanocellulose targets regenerative medicine," BioResources 20(2), 2464–2467.AbstractArticlePDF

  The term “nanocellulose” encompasses a wide range of cellulose-derived nanomaterials, which are characterized by their diverse morphologies and chemical structures at the nanometer scale. In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in the use of nanocellulose in regenerative medicine. Of particular interest is the in vitro culture of pluripotent stem cells, which has led to a growing demand for animal-free media and scaffolds in stem cell culture. Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, with fibrous collagen and glycosaminoglycans serving as structural and functional supports. In this context, nanocellulose has garnered significant interest as potential ECM mimetics, due to its rigid fiber form and its regular interfacial structures. The use of natural polysaccharide nanofibers would represent a promising avenue for the functional design of animal-free cell culture scaffolds, with the potential to significantly advance the regulation of stem cell culture in regenerative medicine.

• Editorialpp 2468–2471Rus, N., Lucherini, A., Jomaas, G., and Derikvand, M. (2025). "Fire safety of timber buildings – The case of photovoltaic systems," BioResources 20(2), 2468–2471.AbstractArticlePDF

  Photovoltaic (PV) systems play an important role in reducing society’s dependence on carbon-based energy sources, and their coupling with timber buildings is an interesting and expected solution for meeting sustainability requirements in the modern built environment. However, both PV systems and timber structures have unique fire safety challenges, and their combination may introduce additional risks. Therefore, relevant fire hazards associated with each of the technologies and their pairing are discussed. The findings highlight the importance of revising fire testing standards and developing tailored safety measures to identify and manage these risks.

• Editorialpp 2472–2475Fernández-Sosa, E. I., Ehman, N., and Area, M. C. (2025). "Boosting the integrated use of sawmill wastes: Tannin-based extractives opportunities," BioResources 20(2), 2472–2475.AbstractArticlePDF

  In the lignocellulosic biorefinery concept, by-products from sawmills have been redefined and considered as raw materials to produce high-value products. Wood extractives are not an exception despite being found in smaller proportions. The extractive-based components can offer competitive advantages over traditional market products and promote a circular economy. Tannins demonstrate applicability in adhesives, fertilizers, antioxidant food packaging, and water treatment. However, there are still challenges on an industrial scale.

• Editorialpp 2476–2479Ghahri, S., Yang, L., Du, G., and Park, B.-D. (2025). "Transition from formaldehyde-based wood adhesives to bio-based alternatives," BioResources 20(2), 2476–2479.AbstractArticlePDF

  Bio-based wood adhesives are increasingly receiving greater attention than those of synthetic formaldehyde-based adhesives from petroleum sources in response to climate change. In this respect, this editorial provides an overview on the transition of formaldehyde-based adhesives to bio-based adhesives for the bonding of wood. This transition is underway in academia and industry for practical applications. Bio-based adhesives offer low toxicity, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and increased sustainability with circular economy by promoting renewable and degradable sources, which generates a driving force for the transition.

• Editorialpp 2480–2482Zhu, S., Zhang, S., Xv, Z., and Zhu, S. (2025). "Phytochemical extraction to improve the economic benefits of biomass processing," BioResources 20(2), 2480–2482.AbstractArticlePDF

  Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant components having bioactive activities. Compared with synthetic chemicals, phytochemicals have numerous advantages, and they are now widely used in health foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Phytochemicals also provide a rich natural resource pool for new health food and medicine development. Because of their wide uses, phytochemicals have high economic value for their development and utilization. Phytochemicals are present in a vast number of plants, and their production has a wide range of feedstock sources. In traditional biomass processing, phytochemicals are often considered as wastes and are not recovered. In order to improve the economic benefits, the extraction of phytochemicals has now become an attractive sub-process during the biomass processing. However, the low content of phytochemicals in plants makes their extraction challenging. Efforts are needed to increase the phytochemical content in plants and develop more efficient extraction and separation processes. This editorial briefly discusses phytochemicals and their extraction to improve the economic benefits of biomass processing.

• Editorialpp 2483–2486Garbowski, T. (2025). "Exploring the future of novel flute shapes and their mechanical benefits," BioResources 20(2), 2483–2486.AbstractArticlePDF

  Corrugated board is a ubiquitous material, playing a critical role in modern packaging, transportation, and storage industries. While traditional flute shapes like sinusoidal waves dominate production, exploring and implementing novel fluting geometries could significantly enhance the mechanical properties of this material. This editorial discusses the theoretical future of various flute shapes and their potential to improve mechanical performances, such as bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity. Embracing innovative design and production techniques could lead to more sustainable and high-performing usages for corrugated cardboard for diverse applications.

• Editorialpp 2487–2490Jiang, X. C., and Luo, T. Y. (2025). "Exploring the convergence of tradition and modernity: The educational tourism potential of Suzhou oil-paper umbrella craftsmanship," BioResources 20(2), 2487–2490.AbstractArticlePDF

  Suzhou oil-paper umbrellas, as a significant part of China’s intangible cultural heritage, exemplify the harmonious integration of nature and art through their intricate craftsmanship. These umbrellas are not only functional objects but also cultural symbols, reflecting centuries of traditional skills in bamboo frame making and oil-paper production. However, the preservation of these techniques faces critical challenges, including an aging artisan population, a lack of successors, and insufficient integration of local industries with cultural heritage protection efforts. The current approaches to safeguarding these crafts often focus on superficial aspects, neglecting the core techniques of bamboo processing and paper-making. This editorial considers the cultural value of Suzhou oil-paper umbrella craftsmanship, identifies the challenges in its preservation, and explores revitalization strategies through educational tourism. The research employs a comprehensive analysis of the cultural significance, current preservation efforts, and potential for sustainable development. The main contribution of this study lies in highlighting the potential of educational tourism as a vehicle for cultural heritage conservation and local economic development, providing a framework for the sustainable revitalization of this unique traditional craft.

• Editorialpp 1-3Shen, J. (2025). "Pulp and Paper: Reflections on faculty and research careers and the journey with BioResources," BioResources 20(1), 1–3.AbstractArticlePDF

  With over 20 years in pulp and paper, my career has been shaped by foundational research and teaching as well as by BioResources, a journal that has significantly supported my work. This editorial reflects on key stages in my academic journey and the pivotal role BioResources has played in advancing my research and connecting the global pulp and paper community.

• Editorialpp 4-6Burke, C., Lucia, L., Shaw, M., Panek, J., Brogdon, B., and Paulsen, F. (2025). “'A Man for All Seasons': The genius of Peter W. Hart to bridge industry and academia," BioResources 20(1), 4–6.AbstractArticlePDF

  As research scientists go, few rival the volume of work that Dr. Peter Hart produced. His career reflects his willingness to guide budding pulp & paper scientists when he was the Director of Fiber Technology and Innovation at WestRock, as well as an adjunct professor in the Department of Forest Biomaterials at North Carolina State University. He brought his wealth of knowledge to those working in industry and academia; a rarity for anyone with his acumen. His support to graduate research reflects the quality of the publications of researchers such as Dr. Ricardo Santos and Dr. Juliana Jardim; both of whom tackled challenging subjects related to lignin degradation kinetics in kraft pulping and lignin precipitation from kraft black liquor, respectively. In his last academic project, Dr. Hart invested his remaining life to support PhD work to study how lignin-carbohydrate complexes influence lignin precipitation from kraft black liquor. Dr. Hart provided opportunities for young scientists to achieve their goals and provided them with a safe space to learn within research.

• Editorialpp 7–10Zhang, J. (2025). "Barrier molded fiber products based on recovery and up-cycling of paper and agricultural wastes via a Pickering emulsion approach," BioResources 20(1), 7–10.AbstractArticlePDF

  To reduce plastic pollution, it is of interest to develop biodegradable molded fiber products from recovered cellulose-containing residues as an alternative to single-use plastics. Primary questions to be addressed include how to compound molded fiber products from the recycling of paper or cardboard and agricultural residual wastes via combined vacuum thermo-forming and post-drying or synergistic cold and hot press approaches. In addition, consumers will have high expectations regarding barriers for moisture and grease. It is proposed here to produce uniform barrier molded fiber products via a Pickering emulsion approach with chemically recycled waxes from thermolysis of waste polyolefins. It is further proposed to develop a closed-loop process for recyclable molded products and up-cycling lignocellulosic fibers reinforced biomass-derivable vitrimer bio-composites for sustainable packaging. The development of molded fiber products makes it possible to mitigate the usage of single-use plastics.

• Editorialpp 11–14Mendieta, C. M., Kruyeniski, J., Vallejos, M. E., and Area, M. C. (2025). "Is it possible to produce sustainable aviation fuels from lignocellulosic biomass waste?," BioResources 20(1), 11–14.AbstractArticlePDF

  Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) are alternatives to fossil fuels produced from biological or non-fossil feedstocks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) route, alcohol (ethanol, isobutanol, or butanol) dehydration is the key conversion step to create long-chain hydrocarbons. In this context, this Editorial deals with the ethanol-to-ethylene-to-jet route (EEJ) technology and challenges for producing SAF from lignocellulosic biomass waste (LCBW).

• Editorialpp 15–16Davim, J. P. (2025). "Perceptions of Industry 5.0: Sustainability Perspective," BioResources 20(1), 15–16.AbstractArticlePDF

  Today, Industry 5.0 can be regarded as the latest stage of industrial revolution, where collaboration between humans and smart technologies reaches a new level. This editorial presents insights into Industry 5.0. It explains the concept of Industry 5.0 according to the latest developments, in its three fundamental pillars: human-centric, sustainable, and resilient. Finally, it discusses how Industry 5.0 can contribute to sustainability.

• Editorialpp 17-20Derikvand, M. (2025). "Project-based learning in timber engineering education: A recent example," BioResources 20(1), 17–20.AbstractArticlePDF

  This opinion paper advocates for project-based learning (PBL) and teaching as a way of preserving active learning in timber engineering education. A recent example of using PBL in a timber engineering course is presented. Its strengths and associated challenges are briefly highlighted, and some suggestions are provided for the adoption of such approaches.

• Editorialpp 21-24Hubbe, M. A. (2025). "Nanocellulose addition to paper and the ‘Cai Lun Principle’ – Maybe not such a good idea after all," BioResources 20(1), 21–24.AbstractArticlePDF

  Family groups in the ancient cultures of China, Korea, and Japan have toiled for generations in an effort to out-compete their neighbors in the pursuit of handmade paper products having better strength performance, in addition to flatness, uniform appearance, and other desirable attributes. Study of the history of the papermaking craft reveals a remarkable ability of ancient peoples to discover advantageous ways to prepare the cellulosic pulp, to improve its brightness, and to form uniform and strong paper sheets. But though the ancients knew how to “beat” the pulp to improve its bonding ability, there is no evidence of any of them having attempted to greatly “over-beat” some of the fiber, thus making nanocellulose, for potential addition to the fiber mixture. Why not? In this editorial, it is proposed that the ancients may have discovered that adding very highly fibrillated cellulose material to paper was not a good idea.