NC State
BioResources
  • Researchpp 2507-2527Zhang, L., Wang, Z. W., Wang, Y., and Huang, B. (2017). "Transcriptomic profile of lignocellulose degradation from Trametes versicolor on poplar wood," BioRes. 12(2), 2507-2527.AbstractArticlePDF

    The Trametes versicolor genome is predicted to encode many enzymes that effectively degrade lignin, making it a potentially useful tool for biopulping. However, the wood degradation mechanism of T. versicolor is not clear. To identify the enzymes that contribute to lignocellulose degradation, changes in the T. versicolor transcriptome during growth on poplar wood, relative to growth on glucose medium, were evaluated. Eight hundred and fifty-three genes were differentially expressed, with 360 genes up-regulated and 493 genes were down-regulated on poplar wood. Notably, most genes involved in lignin degradation were up-regulated, including eight lignin peroxidase (LiP) genes. Genes encoding cellulose and hemicellulose degrading-enzymes were mostly down-regulated, including six endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes and three cellobiohydrolase I genes. These results characterized transcriptomic changes related to lignocellulose degradation. This information could be used to develop T. versicolor as a tool to improve the efficiency of lignin degradation or to provide a theoretical foundation for a new paper pulp manufacturing process.

  • Researchpp 2528-2547Adıgüzel, A. O., and Tunçer, M. (2017). "Production and characterization of partially purified thermostable endoxylanase and endoglucanase from novel Actinomadura geliboluensis and the biotechnological applications in the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass," BioRes. 12(2), 2528-2547.AbstractArticlePDF
    Extracellular endoxylanase and endoglucanase from halo- and thermo-tolerant Actinomadura geliboluensis were produced, purified, characterized, and used in the saccharification of native and pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses. The molecular mass of endoxylanase and endoglucanase were 30 and 38 kDa, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature values for both endoxylanase and endoglucanase activities were pH 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. They were both stable within a pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 and up to 70 °C. The half-lives of endoxylanase and endoglucanase at 70 °C were calculated as 180 min and 60 min, while their half-lives at 80 °C were detected as 60 min and 50 min, respectively. Both the endoxylanase and endoglucanase obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The endoxylanase and endoglucanase from A. geliboluensis were strongly inhibited by Hg2+. Endoxylanase was activated by Mg2+ and Ca2+ and endoglucanase was activated by Fe2+ and Ca2+. The potential application of endoxylanase and endoglucanase in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass was further evaluated. The reduced sugar was 265.12 mg/g biomass after both endoxylanase and endoglucanase were incubated with wheat straw, which was pretreated by 1 % NaOH at 121 °C for 15 min. Endoxylanase and endoglucanase were produced from novel A. geliboluensis, which could potentially be used in biotechnological applications.
  • Researchpp 2548-2564Atnaw, S. M., Sulaiman, S. A., Singh, L., Wahid, Z. A., and Ku Mohammad Faizal Bin Che Ku Yahya , C. (2017). "Modeling and parametric study for maximizing heating value of gasification syngas," BioRes. 12(2), 2548-2564.AbstractArticlePDF

    There are a number of experimental and theoretical studies on the energy conversion of oil palm derivative biomass. Moreover, the potential of this abundant biomass residue for renewable energy in major producing countries in Southeast Asia has been well documented. In this study, the results of an equilibrium model of downdraft gasification of oil palm fronds (OPF), developed using the Aspen Plus chemical process simulator software, and its validation are presented. In addition, an optimization of the major output parameter of importance (i.e., the higher heating value of syngas) with respect to the main operating parameters (i.e., temperature, equivalence ratio (ER), and moisture content) was performed. The response surface method (RSM) was used to determine the mathematical relationship between the response of interest, which was the heating value of syngas, and the operating conditions. This method was used to further determine the conditions that would lead to optimum higher heating values of syngas. Optimum values identified by RSM were: oxidation zone temperature of 1000 °C, moisture content in the range of 4%, and an equivalence ratio of 0.35. These optimum operating conditions and the corresponding higher heating value of syngas were found to correspond with the experimental results.

  • Researchpp 2565-2578Yi, X., Zhao, D., Ou, R., Ma, J., Chen, Y., and Wang, Q. (2017). "A comparative study of the performance of wood-plastic composites and typical substrates as heating floor," BioRes. 12(2), 2565-2578.AbstractArticlePDF

    The thermal properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) and typical heating floor substrates heated by an electrothermal film were studied. Their effects on human feelings and the human autonomic nerve system were also investigated. The temperature changes of the specimens during heating and cooling were analyzed with an infrared thermal imager. People’s subjective feelings of touching different materials were analyzed with a semantic differential (SD) technique, and their electrocardiography was recorded with a multi-channel physiological signal acquisition system. The thermal conductivity, temperature variation, tactile impression, and heart rate variability of WPCs and other heating floor substrates were investigated. The WPCs presented a markedly lower thermal conductivity and superior tactile impression compared with ceramic tile, which has a similar density to WPCs. There was a negative correlation between the scores of the warm-cool feeling and the density of the heating floor substrates under room temperature (19 °C ± 1 °C), and a positive correlation when heated (33 °C ± 1 °C). The thermal conductivity and heat storage capacity of WPC were higher than those of solid wood. Electric heating composite floors with a high comfort level and good thermal properties could be manufactured by combining WPCs and solid wood.

  • Researchpp 2579-2591Dumitrascu, A. E., Musat, E. C., Dumitrascu, D. I., Ciobanu, V. D., and Salca, E. A. (2017). "Influence of sessile oak log characteristics on the efficiency in veneer cutting," BioRes. 12(2), 2579-2591.AbstractArticlePDF

    The sessile oak tree represents 10.5% of the forest area in Romania and is the most widespread indigenous oak species. To select the most suitable domain of use for sessile oak wood, certain dimensional and qualitative criteria were taken into consideration. The aim of the present study was to highlight the influence of some log characteristics (wood diameters and quality) on the efficiency in sessile oak veneer cutting. The authors used a group of sessile oak logs purchased from Targoviste in Southeast Romania. The results analysis indicates the influence of sessile oak log diameters on the veneer efficiency comparative with decorative veneer efficiency by estimation of the cumulative density function (CDF). Analyzing the quality of sessile oak logs, it was found that buds and insect holes were the most important defects that appeared. Also, the regression analysis indicates an acceptable level of the present defects and did not have a significant influence to the veneer cutting efficiency, upon the number of obtained veneer sheets and the surface area of special veneer sheets, respectively.

  • Researchpp 2592-2608Ruman, D., Záborský, V., Svoboda, T., Kašičková, V., and Rondrová, V. (2017). "Identifying the characteristics of laminated wood based on the values of deflection measured during its bending," BioRes. 12(2), 2592-2608.AbstractArticlePDF
    This article is aimed at verifying the influence of selected factors (wood species, lamella combination, type of adhesive, number of loading cycles) on the deflection at the proportionality limit YE, deflection at the point of rupture YMOR, and the ratio between the deflection at the proportionality limit and the deflection at the point of rupture YE :YMOR. All of the monitored characteristics were evaluated on test specimens made from lamellas of beechwood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and aspen wood (Populus tremula L.). The laminated wood consisted of a combination of lamellas that were non-densified and densified to 10% and 20% of their original thickness. Two types of adhesives were used for the research: polyvinyl acetate (PVA) glue and polyurethane (PUR) glue. The results create a database of information that can be used in developing materials with specified properties for its intended use.
  • Researchpp 2609-2617Tian, Z., Chen, J., Ji, X., Wang, Q., Yang, G., and Fatehi, P. (2017). "Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of Pennisetum (sp.) hemicellulose," BioRes. 12(2), 2609-2617.AbstractArticlePDF
    Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of Pennisetum (sp.) hemicellulose was investigated in this work. The hemicellulose was obtained by ethanol precipitation of hydrolysate produced via the microwave-assisted H2O2-NaOH extraction from the Pennisetum (sp.). Acid hydrolysis was performed by varying the process parameters, including the sulfuric acid concentration, hydrolysis temperature, solid to liquor ratio, and the reaction time. The xylose yield was selected as the target of process optimization and the orthogonal experiment of L9 (34) was designed to optimize the process conditions. The highest xylose yield of 86.5% could be obtained under the conditions of an acid concentration of 1%, the hydrolysis temperature of 105 °C, a solid to liquor ratio of 1:15, and a reaction time of 4 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that most of the hemicellulose had been depolymerized into xylose.
  • Researchpp 2618-2634Čabalová, I., Kačík, F., Gojný, J., Češek, B., Milichovský, M., Mikala, O., Tribulová, T., and Ďurkovič, J. (2017). "Changes in the chemical and physical properties of paper documents due to natural ageing," BioRes. 12(2), 2618-2634.AbstractArticlePDF
    The aim of this study was to assess the changes in chemical and physical properties of selected paper documents, dating from the 18th century to the present date. Paper documents from the 18th, 19th, and 21st centuries had a pH ranging from slightly acidic to alkaline values, whereas paper documents from the 20th century were more acidic. The contents of mannose, glucose, holocellulose, and lignin were significantly correlated with the pH of the paper. High contents of both carboxylic acids (acetic and formic) and the most durable monosaccharide (glucose) were found in the oldest examined paper documents originating from the 18th and 19th centuries. The lowest percentage of brightness was found in paper documents originating from 1920 and 1923. The lowest breaking length was associated with papers originating from 1920.
  • Researchpp 2635-2645Francezon, N., and Stevanovic, T. (2017). "Chemical composition of essential oil and hydrosol from Picea mariana bark residue," BioRes. 12(2), 2635-2645.AbstractArticlePDF

    For the first time, the essential oil of Black spruce (Picea mariana) bark residue was obtained using two types of hydrodistillations: steam distillation (SD) and water distillation (WD). Both gave similar yields and compositions as analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The essential oil composition is turpentine-like with the predominance of α-pinene (40.6% SD; 40.5% WD) and β-pinene (33.9% SD; 25.9% WD), followed by hydrocarbon monoterpenes β-phellandrene (4.8% SD; 3.6% WD), 3-carene (4.1% SD; 3.1% WD), and limonene (4.0% SD; 3.7% WD). Hydrosol’s composition is rich in oxygenated compounds with α-terpineol (29.3% SD; 33.5% WD), trans-pinocarveol (5.2% SD; 3.7% WD), terpinen-4-ol (5.0% SD; 5.8% WD), verbenone (4.9% SD; 5.4% WD), borneol (4.9% SD; 3.9% WD), and pinocarvone (4.6% SD; 4.3% WD). These black spruce bark essential oils differ in composition from those from needles, which are commercially available and rich in bornyl acetate.

  • Researchpp 2646-2659  Tian, Z., Chen, J., Ji, X., Lyo, G., Lucia, L. A., Yang, G. (2017). "Fractionation and characterization of three main components from Pennisetum sinese Roxb. (P. sinese) by microwave-assisted H2O2-NaOH extraction," BioRes. 12(2), 2646-2659.AbstractArticlePDF
    Fractionation of lignocellulosic components is a prerequisite for maximizing valorization of plant biomass in an integrated biorefinery. In this study, microwave-assisted H2O2-NaOH extraction was developed for fractionation of Pennisetum sinese Roxb. (P. sinese), a highly productive energy crop. Different reaction conditions including solid-liquid ratio, NaOH concentration, H2O2 concentration, temperature, and time were tested for their effects on P. sinese fractionation. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin obtained under optimal fractionation conditions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The optimal fractionation conditions were a solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 using 0.5% H2O2 and 4% NaOH at 75 °C for 4 h, which gave cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin yields of 42.8%, 21.9%, and 15.2%, respectively. FT-IR and NMR analyses of the fractionated components clearly confirmed their structural integrity and representation. The work demonstrates the potential of the alternative approach for efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass components for further valorization.

@BioResJournal

54 years ago

Read More